In an automobile, the wheel spindle, sometimes simply called the spindle, is a part of the suspension system that carries the hub for the wheel and attaches to the upper and lower control arms.
Spindles are carried by steering knuckles or "uprights".[1] Although, the terms "steering knuckle" and "upright are sometimes used interchangeably with "spindle", they refer to different parts.[2]
Design
There are several considerations when designing a spindle. Loads and forces need to be considered. Vertical and horizontal forces greater than those due to 5 times the acceleration of gravity, that is, approximately 50 meters per second squared, are sometimes considered desirable.[citation needed]
Non-driven wheel
The main forces on a non-driven wheel are braking and turning forces.
Driven wheel
The forces on a driven wheel include forward and reverse propulsion as well as the braking and turning forces.
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Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the
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